Carroll Downer is a leader in the health movement of a feminist woman who depicts the reputation of her in her role in a case known as a great yogurt conspiracy, and yogurt treats yeast infections. He was named because he was accused by practicing medicine without a license. January 13 at Glendale, California. She was 91 years old.
Her death at the hospital was confirmed by her daughter Angela booth. He said he had suffered a heart attack a few weeks ago.
Downner was a self -proclaimed housewife, and when he joined the women's movement in the late 1960s and started working on the local branch of the national women's institution, he was six mothers. Many years ago, she had an illegal abortion, so she decided that others should not suffer like her.
a Psychologists named Harvey Kalman were sophisticated with abortion by sucking women's uterus lining. It was safer, faster, faster, faster, faster, faster, faster, and faster.
Downer and others thought that this technique was very simple and could be executed without medical training. They learned to practice the procedure on their own.
Lorraine Rothman, another member of NOW, put Kalman's device in a sophisticated kit in a kit called DEL-EM containing flexible tubes, syringes, and bottles. The doctor called the technology a vacuum extraction. Women called menstruation extraction -it is also a method of adjusting the menstrual flow, and as a kind of linguistic feint.
Downner aimed to explain the use to women's groups at a Benis Beach feminist bookstore. As she remembered later, she began to explain techniques, including inserting tubes into the cervix, and realized that she had lost the audience. They were scary. This was the era of abortion in the back room when a woman was dying in a dangerous procedure, and here she hawks something that seems to be even more suspicious.
So she changed tactics. She laid on the table, hiked a skirt, inserted a mirror into the vagina, and invited the audience. The conversation was directed from a Daily carpenter abortion to an anatomy lesson.
The woman had never seen it in her vagina. At that time, it was not a male gynecologist habit to educate patients about their anatomy. Many women nationwide, especially the women's health book COLLECTIVE women, will continue to produce self -help Bible, our body, ourselves.
She and Rosman have traveled around the country to demonstrate cervical tests and menstrual extraction. They were very impressed by the famous anthropologists, Margaret Mead, and declared one of the most original ideas in the 20th century.
“It is fundamental that women can control their birth rate. Downer told the Los Angeles Times when Rosman died in 2007. We wanted to make women equal with men. “
They opened their first clinic in Los Angeles in 1971. The following year, the police attacked the location and forfeited strawberry yogurt bathtubs. As the story progressed, workers in the clinic protested. “You can't have it. That's my lunch!”
Downner and his colleague Carol Wilson were charged with practicing medicine without license. Downer's crime was her yogurt treatment, and Wilson was attached to a woman with a diaphragm. Wilson was charged with menstrual extraction, performing pregnancy tests, and conducting pelvic tests. She was convicted of diaphragm accusation and was fined and carried out.
Downner decided to fight Yogurt's charge. When yogurt was treated with yeast infections, her defense was old folk treatment, and in any case the yeast infection was very common, so there was no need for a doctor's diagnosis. JU agreed, and Judith A. Hook, a professor in gender and women's research, said in “Looking in the mirror and examining the health movement of women” (2024). The male position sent a note to Downer.
“Carroll -You're not a downer, you're a real upper!” He wrote. “Good luck!”
The great yogurt conspiracy has helped to spread women's clinics that have sprouted throughout the country. Many of the women's health exercises also worked to eliminate the gender prejudice of medical professionals, especially in reproductive health, and to access medical services for those who need it. Is anxious about what she felt. She was not convinced that she could change.
She and others continued to find the non -profit federation of feminist women's health centers, and continued to study how women could manage their fertility.
However, many feminists, the supporters and medical experts of abortions were uncomfortable with the teachings of Downer and Rosman. They have deeply opposed the procedure to amateurs.
“Carroll Downer has demonstrated very reckless courage and rebellion,” said Philis Chessler, a feminist psychologist. “I had a problem with the delusions around medical experts. Of course I had the same distrust, but I didn't think it would be safe to put an abortion in the amateur's hand. ”
ROEV. A few years after Wade's decision guarantees a woman's constitutional right to abortion, a vacuum extraction, a technology invented by Kalman, is the most common surgical treatment used by doctors to end pregnancy. It has become. Dr. Louise P. King, an assistant professor of a gynecology department, gynecology, and reproductive creature at Harvard University School of Medicine, is still the case. According to her, this technology is safe when medical experts practice.
“There is a risk and complexity if it is wrong, especially if there is a uterine perforation,” she said in an interview. I fully support those who want to control their health and life, and I think people need to look at these methods without the help of experts who may not be able to access these experts. Is sad. “
In 1993, abortion counselor Downer and Rebecca Charker published a “female selection: abortion, menstrual extraction, RU-486”, essentially abortion consumer guides.
Le Ann Schriver, who wrote in the New York Times book review, was called the “Print Hotline of the Gharles of the Government Order” and “Warning Sign”.
“When there are very few doctors who abortion,” she wrote. “When a small number of medical school teaches technology, and many states try to impose a large number of restrictions, women will reluctantly take the risk of calling others.”
Caroline Ariela Chatam was born on October 9, 1933 in Oklahoma Shonnie and grew up in Glendale. Her father, Mead Chatam, was a clerk of a gas company. Her mother, Nel (Stell) Chatam was a secretary.
Carroll studied sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles, but dropped out of his first child in the first year of pregnancy. Her husband, Earl Wallace Brown, stayed in college, worked as a cab driver before tuberculosis, and as a special educational teacher.
The family spent a year in welfare. This is the experience that Downer later politicized her. Unlike most welfare recipients, her and her husband received additional support. They live freely in their homes in their parents' homes, and received economic assistance from their parents and fellow teachers.
“I gradually began to develop radical political consciousness,” she said in a verbal history conducted by an American veteran phrase minist in 2021.
She had four children and decided to be separated from her husband when she became pregnant. Five years before abortion was legalized in California, ROE was 11 years ago in 1962. The procedure was taken by experienced people and was medical, but she was not anesthetized, so if she had no furniture beside the table, she would wake up and run. I have done it.
In addition to the booth, Downer lived Los Angeles survived by the other two daughters, Laura Brown and Shelby Coleman. Two sons, David Brown and Frank Downer Jr. Eight grandchildren. And several Great grandchildren. After divorce with Brown, her second husband, Frank Downer, who married in 1965, died in 2012. My daughter, Victoria Sigel, died in 2021.
Downner returned to school in the late 1980s. After a degree at Hoitti Arrow School in Costamesa, California in 1991, she practiced immigration and employment law.
“There is a through line from Carol Downer to the current reproductive and reproductive activists,” said Dr. Houch, the author of Steal Sthos The Speculum. “She was a kind of behavioralism that women could use their heads, hands, and hearts.”
