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If there is one thing all parties can agree on Pope Francis' Pope, it is that on some levels it was destructive and ambiguous. Many people rush to assess his legacy, but this is premature if not harmful. After all, we still appreciate past pope positions. This does not take them to heart the broader heritage of Vatican II and their meaning for the life of the Church.
As the first pope from the Americas (parent-child relationships of Italian immigrants), his election was historic. It is unlikely that, but especially given the dynamic growth of the church on the continent, it is not unthinkable that the next conclave could bring about the first African pope from ancient times. If you go to most Catholic parishes these days, you may see priests from Africa (or India) celebrating Mass.
Perhaps it is best to first consider the role of Petrin's Province in its historical context. Given the Pope's Homilies, arrangements, documents and international visits, it is helpful to remember that, until recently, Catholics did not hear directly from the Pope, despite extensive and immediate attention. Of course, hierarchical ideas were part of self-understanding that date back to the church apostles, but most of the actual governance is carried out and implemented by local bishops, and only when explicitly necessary, by a higher level of church authority. A genuine “meeting” is seen more normatively in local parish-level engagement and subsidiaries whose needs are met by those closest to them. Modern micromanagement of the church is a phenomenon that has been made possible mainly by modern technology, ease of travel and immediate communication, sometimes leading to parish breaking news.
Pope Francis died at the age of 88, according to the Vatican.
Pope Francis frequently and emphasized the “technical paradigm” on warnings about a worldview that reduces human dignity to technical problem-solving and operational engineering. He also worked with people like the late Cardinal George Pell to reform the Vatican finances, but certainly had no conclusive results. His condemnation of Western “ideological colonization” on gender ideology was particularly strong. However, unlike his predecessor, John Paul II, Francis was far less powerful in his statements of widespread persecution of Christians in China, Cuba, Nicaragua, and the Middle East.
His own declarations such as the “Fidosia Saprikikan,” which allowed the voluntary blessings of same-sex couples, were considered to be highly problematic theologically (contradicting established moral education), but in Africa, church leaders viewed them as the cultural imperialism they experienced from several international NGOs.
As the church prepares for the next chapter, Pope Francis's lessons will undoubtedly shape its future trajectory. His legacy remains a testament to the evolving nature of the Pope's role in the modern world and remains an ongoing work.
Pope Francis's Offcaff's remarks caused confusion and often required clarification from the Vatican along the way, often referred to as the “Airplane Magician.” His approach to the environment won him the Moniker “Green Pope”, but in reality he was largely in line with the teachings of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, particularly on the issues of population and life. In fact, to the surprise of those who have only followed his pope on the surface, his attitude towards abortion is uncompromising, calling it “murder” and likening it to “hiring a hitman.”
The diplomatic reconciliation with China, mediated primarily by the Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, encompasses the vision of closer ties and ultimate bilateral relations. The relationship with over 1 billion Chinese people is estimated to be estimated to be Catholic (both secret and legal), and has produced a controversial tentative agreement that makes it secret. The Parolin Cardinal's policy follows the Ostopolistic Cold War era policy of his predecessor, Cardinal Agostino Casarori. The lukewarm approach to persecution in the Soviet bloc never ended the more confrontational respect of John Paul II, and became Pontifeetate on behalf of Casarori.
At the start of his Holy See, Francis' call to “create chaos” in the church led to debate, division and polarization. Perhaps it was a good thing to surface these differences. But that is possible, and perhaps this could lead to future Conclave cardinal electors choosing more stable numbers. Of course, even Bergoglio was seen initially as a kind and gentle Ratzinger.
Pope Francis is waving to his followers as he left Cercle Prime Minister after meeting Luxembourg's prime minister on a four-day apostle journey in Luxembourg and Belgium on September 26, 2024. (Simon Whlfahrt/AFP/Getty)
Francis denounced the ideological colonization and human commodification of people being praised, recognised the role of entrepreneurs in economic development. However, these kinds of statements have been devoured by his harsher, more subtle critiques of capitalism, failing to distinguish between the virtue-based free markets and the corrupt Crony capitalism he witnessed in his hometown of Argentina.
In terms of maintaining the continuity of the church's moral teaching, perhaps the most theologically lacking contribution of his legacy is his circulating “Amoris Lattia,” particularly in a single careful footnote, when he laid the foundation of Catholics of the possibility of irregular marriage (i.e., he received marriages outside of marriages outside of church leadership).
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Similarly, Pope Francis's renewal of the catechism's teachings about the current “unacceptable” stoked a continuing debate about whether the death penalty was inherently evil, putting it at the same level as abortion. This also needs explanation.
Today, many people consider the Catholic Church primarily anachronistic, closed and harsh. Pope Francis seemed bent at dismantling that perception by presenting the church's merciless, open, motherly face. He might say that it's not enough to teach people what catechism is saying.
Thus, as a priest's mission, he must negotiate tensions between women who are caught up in the very act of adultery and protect her from the stone of condemnation.
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As the church prepares for the next chapter, Pope Francis's lessons will undoubtedly shape its future trajectory. His legacy remains a testament to the evolving nature of the Pope's role in the modern world and remains an ongoing work.
And against this background, the next Pope or future seeks to clarify the myriad ambiguities and unclear messages about moral and doctrinal issues that have defined the past 12 years. This is essential not only for maintaining the reliability of the Petrin office, but also for universal church health.
For more information about FR, click here. Robert Silico